Introduction of Complex systems
Complex systems consists of computer that are interconnected. There are many example of backward system such as Earth’s global climate, biology, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grids, etc.
Complex system behaviour is intrinsically difficult to model because of dependencies between parts or within a system or other types of issues. Complex system have distinct properties that arise from these relationships, such as nonlinear self-organization and feedback loops. Because such system appear in different fields, their commonalities have become the subject of independent research. There are many cases in which it is very useful to represent such a system as a network. where notes represent the components and the links connected to them.
In general, Complex system theory often refers to complex system theory , which is an approach to science that investigates how the relationships between parts of a system give rise to collective behaviours. And they connect in any way. The study of complex system considers the basic purpose of system wide behaviour(Blog). For this reason, the complex system can be used as an alternative paradigm for reductionism, It therefore attempts to explain systems in terms of structural complementarities between their components.
As a communication domain, complex systems receive support from many different disciplines. Such as nature self- organization social sciences self- organization mathematics chaos and biology adaptation many others, Complex system is used as a broad term to approach problem in many different fields.
Key concepts
Gasper’s Glider Gun is a cellular automaton Conway game of Life that makes “gliders”.
Adaptation
Certain forms of complex system are adaptive in that experience leads to change and learning. There are many example of complex system such as the stock market, social insects and Ant colonies, organisms and ecosystems, the brain and immune system, and any human society include group- based efforts. Cultural and social system such as political parties or communities.
Features
Complex system may have the following characteristics:
- Complex system can be open
- Complex system are open system that exit in a thermodynamic gradient and dissipate energy
- Simply put, complex system are often out of energy balance, but patterns can be stable despite its flux
History
In 1948, Dr. Warren weaver proposed a solution to the problem by distinguishing between simple disorganization and disorganization. The study of the object gained momentum in the 1970s, As a result, in 1984, the Scientific Institute was established, Which became the focus of research on Nobel laureates in encomics. In the late 1990s interest in applying naturalistic methods to economic phenomenology gave rise to “economic naturalism” . The 2021 Nobel prize has been awarded by Skewer references Klaus acknowledges contributions to millions and climate modelling
Complexity and network Science
A Complex system consists of many components and is represented as a network of nodes and connections. For example, the Internet, social networks, interdependence among ecological entities, and airline networks, biological network, etc.
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